Cshm exam study guide

VOLUME II: CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

Introduction

This manual was developed by the OSHA Training Network to assist in preparation for the Certified Safety Health Manager (CSHM) Exam. The information is derived from numerous sources and will be cited as appropriate.

This manual provides information on concepts, principles, best practices in safety and health management.

We are confident that, through serious study, you will be able to develop subject matter expertise in many aspects of safety and health management. You will find a great deal of information here that will help in studying for the CSHM exam. The information may also be quite helpful in improving your safety management system (SMS).

The suggestions contained herein are intended to convey generalized concepts, proven by experience to be effective in reducing workplace illnesses and injuries. They have been written in the broadest of terms in order to help you study for the CSHM exam. If you decide to implement any of the suggestions contained in this manual at your workplace, you should first discuss the specifics of their implementation with your employer, with particular reference to relevant federal law, state law, and collective bargaining relationships.

Table of Contents

• Introduction
• The Guidelines
  • Leadership and Involvement;
  • System Analysis and Evaluation;
  • Hazard Prevention and Control;
  • Safety Education and Training
  DETERMINING THE DIRECTION OF YOUR PROGRAM: ESTABLISHING POLICY, GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
  • Introduction
  • Policy
    • The Priority of Safety and Health;
    • Communicating Your Policy
    • Numerical Goal;
    • Descriptive Goal
    • Where Are You Now?
    • What Must Be Done to Get from Here to There?
    • Is It Working?
    TOP MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP: SHOWING YOUR COMMITMENT
    • Introduction
    • Getting Out Where You Can Be Seen
      • Informal Action;
      • Formal Inspections
      • Informal "Instant" Access;
      • The Open Door Policy;
      • More Formalized Access;
      • The Birthday Lunch
      • Following the Rules;
      • Setting an Example for Supervisors
      • Chairing the Central Safety and Health Committee;
      • Insisting on Accountability;
      • Ensuring Safe and Healthful Contract Work
      EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
      • Introduction
      • Why Should Employees Be Involved?
        • Close Contact with Hazards;
        • Value as Problem Solvers;
        • Improved Support;
        • Value of Group Decisions;
        • More Involvement Means Better Work
        • Committee Participation;
        • Conducting Site Inspections;
        • Routine Hazard Analysis;
        • Developing or Revising Site Safety and Health Rules;
        • Training Other Employees;
        • Program Presentation;
        • Accident/Incident Investigations;
        • All-Pervasive Participation
        • Unionized Sites;
        • Non-Union Sites
        ASSIGNING SAFETY AND HEALTH RESPONSIBILITIES
        • Introduction
        • The Value of Written Job Descriptions
        • Review the Existing Organization
        • Determine the Safety and Health Role of Each Position
        • Determine and Assign Specific Responsibilities
        • Communicate with Your Employees
        • Summary
        DEVELOPING ACCOUNTABILITY
        • Introduction
        • Set a Clear Goal and Assign Responsibilities
        • Set Individual Objectives for Accountability Systems
        • Write Objectives
        • Review Objectives
        • Set Consequences for Failure to Perform Adequately
        • Summary
        ESTABLISHING COMPLETE HAZARD INVENTORIES
        • Introduction
        • Comprehensive Surveys
          • Who Should Do the Survey? Questions To Ask Before Contracting for a Survey; How Will You Know the Surveyor Has Done a Thorough Job? Follow-Up Surveys
          • Before Making Changes in the Worksite, Analyze the Changes To Identify Potential Hazards;
          • Building or Leasing a New Facility;
          • Installing New equipment;
          • Using New Materials;
          • Starting up New Processes;
          • Analyzing Multiple Changes
          • When People Change
          • What Is a "Process" for the Purpose of this Analysis?
          • Who Should Do the Process Hazard Analysis?
          • Overview of the Process;
          • Process Flow Chart;
          • Hazardous Substances;
          • Equipment;
          • Worker Exposures;
          • Preparing for the Unplanned Event;
          • Updating the Process Hazard Analysis
          ESTABLISHING HAZARD PREVETION AND CONTROL PROGRAMS
          • Introduction
          • The Terminology of Hazard Control
            • Elimination of Hazards through Design;
            • Enclosure of Hazards; Barriers or Local Ventilation
            • Workplace Rules;
            • Safe Work Practices;
            • Drawbacks to Controlling hazards with Safe Work Practices;
            • Safe Work Practices Training;
            • Positive Reinforcement;
            • Enforcement
            • Legal Requirements;
            • PPE Drawbacks;
            • Bearing the Cost
            • Notations on the Report Form;
            • Tracking by Committee;
            • Tracking by Separate Form
            • Policy Statement;
            • Employee Information and Training;
            • Supervision;
            • Employee Involvement;
            • Appropriate Control Measures;
            • Consistent Enforcement;
            • Documentation
            • Scheduling; Maintenance Documentation
            • The Nature of Emergencies;
            • Survey of Possible Emergencies;
            • Emergency Planning;
            • Employee Information and Training
            CATCHING THE HAZARDS THAT ESCAPE CONTROLS
            • Introduction
            • Regular Site Inspections
              • What Do We Mean by Regular Site Inspections?
              • Inspection Frequency;
              • What Should Be Inspected?
              • Who Should Inspect?
              • What Training Should Inspectors Have?
              • Written Inspection Reports;
              • Tracking Corrections of Hazards
              • Company Policy;
              • Timely and Appropriate Response and Action;
              • Tracking Hazard Corrections;
              • Protection from Harassment;
              • Reporting Systems
              • Definitions;
              • What Should Be Investigated?
              • Who Should Investigate?
              • Training for Accident/Incident Investigation;
              • Results Desired;
              • Use of Accident/Incident Investigations
              • Pattern Analysis of the OSHA Log of Injury an Illness;
              • Pattern analysis of Inspection Records and Employee Hazard Reports
              ESTABLISHING THE RIGHT MEDICAL PROGRAM FOR YOUR WORKSITE: THE OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM
              • Introduction
              • Who Should Manage the OHDS?
              • What Services Do You Need from Your OHDS?
              • The Range of OHDS Functions
                • Preventing Hazards;
                • Early Recognition and Treatment;
                • Limiting Severity
                SAFETY AND HEALTH TRAINING
                • Introduction
                • Design
                  • First Things First: Commitment and Involvement;
                  • Teaching and Learning Principles;
                  • Indentifying Training Needs;
                  • Developing Learning Activities
                  • Safety and Health Training for Managers;
                  • Safety and Health Training for Supervisors;
                  • Job Orientation;
                  • Vehicular Safety
                  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
                  • Emergency Response;
                  • Periodic Safety and Health Training
                  EVALUATING YOUR SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM
                  • Introduction
                  • What Should Be Evaluated?
                  • Who Should Evaluate?
                  • Tools for Collecting Information Used in Evaluation
                    • Documentation;
                    • Interviews;
                    • Review of Site Conditions
                    • Activities and Procedures;
                    • Objectives;
                    • Goal;
                    • Evaluation Judgments
                    • Larger Worksites;
                    • Smaller Worksites